Gigantic ant colonies
In the fascinating world of myrmecology (the study of ants), there are phenomena that amaze even the most experienced biologists. One of these is the appearance of gigantic ant colonies, such as those observed along the Spanish coast and even under the city of Munich. These “super-colonies” are remarkable because they turn the traditional understanding of ant colonies, which are normally territorial and aggressive towards intruders, on its head.
Social structure put to the test
Normally, ant colonies are highly territorial; each colony has its queen, its workers and its specific roles within a well-organised social structure. These structures are designed to protect and feed their own colony. But the super-colonies on the Spanish coast and under Munich break all the rules. Here, millions, sometimes even billions of ants from different colonies that would normally rival each other co-operate.
Genetic and ecological factors
The formation of these supercolonies is often favoured by genetic and ecological factors. Researchers have found that many of these ants have an astonishing genetic similarity, suggesting that their usual hostility towards non-colony members is dampened by a “family recognition mechanism”. Environmental factors such as abundant food sources and favourable habitats also contribute to the ability of these huge colonies to thrive.
The effect on local ecosystems
The impact of such super-colonies on local ecosystems can be significant. On the one hand, they can displace other insect species and even small vertebrates due to their sheer numbers and efficient use of resources. On the other hand, their activities can contribute to soil aeration and the decomposition of organic matter, which can also have positive ecological effects.
Film and reality
The existence of super-colonies raises interesting questions about co-operation and competition in human societies. In pop culture, ants are often used as metaphors for human society, with films such as “Them!” (1954) depict giant ants as symbols of collective threats. These real-life super-colonies offer a fascinating real-life counterpart to these fictional representations and could serve as a mirror for how co-operation across traditional boundaries can lead to new social structures.
The gigantic ant colonies that form from the union of colonies that are actually enemies are an impressive example of the complexity and adaptability of social structures in nature. They challenge our ideas of biological and social organisation and open up new perspectives on the possibilities and limits of cooperation in complex systems. These supercolonies are not only proof of the extraordinary survival strategies of ants, but also a fascinating field of research that offers important insights into the dynamics of co-operation and competition.
